Análisis de la relación entre Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 y la obesidad con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular / Analysis of the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and obesity with cardiovascular risk factors

La “diabesidad” es un concepto en auge que hace referencia a los individuos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y obesidad. Ambos conceptos se encuentran íntimamente relacionados.Se ha llevado a cabo una búsqueda en Web Of Science para realizar una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de establecer la relación existente entre la obesidad, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular.El tejido adiposo es una glándula endocrina capaz de secretar hormonas, citoquinas y sustancias vasoactivas. En los individuos obesos, este tejido adiposo se muestra disfuncional, secretando de forma inusual ciertas adipocinas como la leptina y adiponectina. Tanto es así, que en individuos obesos sometidos a una cirugía bariátrica se ha visto como la relación adiponectina/leptina se invierte. Además, en un ambiente obesogénico, el tejido adiposo muestra un fenotipo proinflamatorio, que ayuda a perpetuar el proceso de resistencia a la insulina y el consiguiente desarrollo de prediabetes y diabetes mellitus tipo 2.Es importante determinar nuevas dianas terapéuticas para la diabesidad, como el factor de transcripción GPS2, que muestra una disminución de sus niveles en sujetos obesos, lo cual predispone a un fenotipo pro-diabético.Recientemente se ha demostrado que mi-483-5p se expresa en tejidos relevantes de diabetes y enfermedad cardiovascular, lo cual predice su potencial como biomarcador en sangre de dichas enfermedades.En conclusión, esta revisión pretende recalcar la importancia de controlar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, como la obesidad, para impedir el desarrollo posterior de una enfermedad estrechamente ligada a ésta como es la diabetes tipo 2.(AU)

"Diabesity" is a booming concept that refers to individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Both concepts are closely related.A search of Web Of Science was carried out to carry out a bibliographic review with the aim of establishing the relationship between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors.Adipose tissue is an endocrine gland capable of secreting hormones, cytokines, and vasoactive substances. In obese individuals, this adipose tissue is dysfunctional, secreting certain adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin in an unusual way. So much so, that in obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery, the adiponectin / leptin ratio has been reversed. Furthermore, in an obesogenic environment, adipose tissue displays a proinflammatory phenotype, which helps perpetuate the process of insulin resistance and the consequent development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.It is important to determine new therapeutic targets for diabesity, such as the GPS2 transcription factor, which shows a decrease in its levels in obese subjects, which predisposes to a pro-diabetic phenotype.Mi-483-5p has recently been shown to be expressed in relevant tissues of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which predicts its potential as a blood biomarker for these diseases.In conclusion, this review aims to emphasize the importance of controlling cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, to prevent the subsequent development of a disease closely related to it, such as type 2 diabetes.(AU)

Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en pacientes diabéticos con mal control / Adhesion to the Mediterranean diet in diabetic patients with poor control

No disponible

Adhesion to the Mediterranean diet in diabetic patients with poor control. / Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en pacientes diabéticos con mal control.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the relationship between the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the control of cardiovascular risk factors. METHOD: A descriptive, observational study was conducted on patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus type 2, with poor blood glucose control and a Body Mass Index greater than 25kg/m2. The relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated before and after education about the Mediterranean diet. The patients were given a questionnaire on the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (the Mediterranean diet score), at the beginning of the study and at 6 month after having education about the Mediterranean diet in the Primary Care medical and nursing clinics. An analysis was carried out on the variables including, gender, age, weight, height, and Body Mass Index, as well as the analytical parameters of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, total, HDL, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. The relationship between the primary variable, 'adherence to the Mediterranean diet', and the rest of the variables was calculated before and after the educational intervention. RESULTS: The initial 'adherence to the Mediterranean diet score' in the questionnaire was relatively low (6.22). Excess weight, as well as to have an elevated Body Mass Index are associated with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as well as low adherence to treatment (P<.00 and P<.02, respectively). The values of HDL cholesterol values increased with greater adherence (P<.04). Elevated LDL and total cholesterol are associated with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (P<.01 and P<.05, respectively), similar to that of elevated triglycerides (P<.00). Elevated baseline blood glucose levels are also associated with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (P<.04), as well as the increase in glycosylated haemoglobin (P<.06). Thus the cardiovascular risk increases with low adherence (P<.08). After the educational intervention, a moderate increase was observed in the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (a score of 6.84) as well as a notable improvement in the control of the cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with improved control of cardiovascular risk factors.